economy

What the foreclosure settlement does

The $26 billion foreclosure settlement has finally been given the green light, making it possible for roughly two million of the nation’s hardest hit borrowers to see a significant reduction in their mortgage payments.  Agreed to between the nation’s five largest banks and attorneys general from 49 states and the District of Columbia, the deal settles charges of foreclosure processing abuses dating back to 2008.  The settlement, the details of which were first announced in early February, has been in the works for more than a year. Here’s what the banks agreed to and what borrowers can expect in the days ahead.

The banks and servicers have committed at least $17 billion to reduce principal for borrowers who 1) owe far more than their homes are worth 2) are behind on payments.  The amount of principal reduction will average about $20,000 per borrower in the cases of four of the banks. The Bank of America reductions will be even steeper, averaging $100,000 or more, according to spokesman Rick Simon.  Another $3.7 billion will go toward refinancing mortgages for borrowers who are current on their payments. This will enable them to take advantage of the historically low interest rates that are currently available.  The banks will pay $5 billion to the states and the federal government, the only hard money involved in the deal. Out of that fund will come payments of $1,500 to $2,000 to homeowners who lost their homes to foreclosure.

Other funds will be paid to legal aid and homeowner advocacy organizations to help individuals facing foreclosure or experiencing servicer abuses.  Another $1 billion will be paid directly by Bank of America to the Federal Housing Administration to settle charges that its subsidiary, Countrywide Financial, defrauded the housing agency.  In addition, the banks agreed to eliminate robo-signing altogether and to use proper and legal procedures when putting homeowners through the foreclosure process. They also agreed to end servicer abuses, like harassing delinquent borrowers for payments, and to include principal reductions more often in their mortgage modifications programs.

Iran sanctions to cost 25 cents a gallon

Twenty-five cents a gallon — that’s about how much some international energy experts say the tough US sanctions on Iran’s oil industry are costing Americans at the pump.  As US consumers cope with gas prices that are approaching an average of $4 a gallon, some international trade experts say the cost of the sanctions the US imposes — as in the case of the Iran measures — is something political leaders should discuss more openly. Instead, they say, most politicians act as if sanctions affect only the country targeted — something these experts say isn’t true.  Energy experts say it’s difficult to pinpoint precisely how much sanctions on Iran are costing consumers as they filter down to the gas pump. But Lucian Pugliaresi, president of the Energy Policy Research Foundation, a Washington nonprofit organization that studies energy economics, says it’s possible to make an estimate.  The sanctions the US and other countries have slapped on Iran’s energy sector and on its central bank (aimed at curtailing its oil exports) are costing Iran about 300,000 barrels a day in exports, Mr. Pugliaresi estimates. When added to other factors affecting the international oil market, that decrease in exports may have added about $10 to the current price of a barrel for crude, he says.  And that $10 increase translates roughly to about a 25-cent increase in the cost of a gallon of gas in the US, Pugliaresi says.

FHA delays collections rule

The Federal Housing Administration (FHA) rescinded and will delay a rule that as of April 1 prohibited borrowers with more than $1,000 in disputed collections accounts from getting a federally backed mortgage, according to a notice sent late Friday.  FHA postponed the rule until July, and will take public comment from lenders, builders and others in the industry until then to clarify guidance.  “There is clearly a bigger ripple effect here than the Department of Housing and Urban Development might have anticipated going into this revision,” said Lisa Jackson, senior vice president of research and business development with John Burns Real Estate Consulting. “Any measure that impacts even 10% of sales is meaningful and our analysis shows it would be far greater in some markets.”  The FHA attempted to ease the original proposal, allowing borrowers to provide written documentation on “life event” disputed accounts with them, such as bills stemming from illness, divorce or unemployment in order to obtain an exemption.  Borrowers could previously show the lender they arranged a payment plan to settle other accounts too in order to qualify, including credit card and utility bills.  According to the alert sent Friday, the FHA ensured lenders they would not be in violation of the new rule for loans written between April 1 and April 8.  Until July, the old guidance will be put back into place.

Analysts from JPMorgan Chase said the rule would affect many first-time homebuyers the most, those most likely to carry such debt. The analysts estimated the rule could cut FHA demand by up to 20%, and the damage would affect homebuilders differently depending upon how much of their business hinged on these borrowers.  Many questioned the timing and the murkiness of the rule. The FHA previously said it adopted the rule in order to reduce default risk for newer books of business. Mortgages written during the housing bubble continue to haunt the agency. The FHA emergency Mutual Mortgage Insurance fund dropped to nearly 0.2% last year was in danger of needing a bailout from the Treasury Department if insurance premiums were not hiked and some lucrative settlements were not struck.  “There are two positives to this latest decision: HUD is willing to analyze the real implications of the housing market before they put a new measure in place, plus they are engaging feedback on the issue,” Jackson said.

Stock market on a cliff?

For the stock market, it was a triumphant first quarter. But for earnings growth, the past three months were just ho-hum.  Analysts are expecting earnings for companies in the Standard & Poor’s 500 index to decline 0.1% compared to a year ago, according to FactSet. It’s a tiny number but a significant turning point. Earnings growth was on a winning streak for the previous nine quarters. Year-over-year earnings growth has been at least 10% for all but the most recent period, when it was 6%.  The reasons for the expected slowdown range from global (a weak Europe hurts everybody) to mathematical (it’s hard to top double-digit quarters). Whatever the cause, the stagnation in earnings growth is a stark reminder that the economy’s problems are far from solved. Just three months ago, analysts were predicting 3% earnings growth for the first quarter.  We’ll soon see if the expectations are on target. Earnings season gets under way Tuesday when the aluminum producer Alcoa becomes the first major US company to release its first-quarter results.  Should this batch of earnings contain a lot of bad surprises, it could upend a stock market rally that pushed the S&P 500 index up 12% in the first three months of the year.

63% of HAMP-eligible second liens modified

Mortgage servicers started modifications on 63% of eligible second liens under the Home Affordable Modification Program (HAMP), according to Treasury Department data released Friday.  Through February, servicers participating in 2MP started 71,133 second-lien workouts of the 113,774 eligible loans. More than 15,600 of them have been fully extinguished. More than one-third of the second-lien mods occurred in California, according to the Treasury.  Of the $29.9 billion allocated for HAMP, roughly $2.7 billion is set aside for modifying second liens, according to the Special Inspector General for the Troubled Asset Relief Program.  In January, the Treasury boosted incentives to investors who allow the workouts, doubling the pay from earlier in the program.  In order for a loan to be eligible for the second-lien program under HAMP, the servicer must receive notification of a match with a permanent first lien modification, according to program guidelines. The Treasury said roughly 315,000 HAMP first-lien mods have been matched to a second, but many are deemed ineligible because of a redefault on the first lien, an extinguishment before it entered HAMP.  In some cases, the Treasury said some homeowners with an eligible second decline to participate in 2MP.  Bank of America has nearly 40,000 eligible second-liens, the most of any servicer, and has started modifications on 62% of them.  Wells Fargo started workouts on 71% of its 16,300 eligible seconds, the highest percentage of any servicer.  Overall, servicers start modifications on between 2,000 and 5,000 second-liens under 2MP. The median monthly payment reduction was $161 for borrowers.  Servicers started 1.8 million trial modifications and completed 974,000 permanent workouts under the first-lien program through February.

10% drop in prices coming?

As many as 1.25 million of America’s least cared for homes are headed for auction after a year-long probe into foreclosure practices kept them off the market.  Sales of repossessed properties probably will rise 25% this year from 1 million in 2011, according to Moody’s Analytics Inc. Prices for the homes could drop as much as 10% because they deteriorated as they were held in reserve during investigations by state officials resolved in February, according to RealtyTrac Inc. That month, 43% of foreclosures were delinquent for two or more years, from a 21% share in 2010, according to Lender Processing Services Inc. in Jacksonville, Florida.  “The longer a foreclosed home is in the mill, the bigger the losses,” said Todd Sherer, who manages distressed mortgage investments for Dalton Investments LLC, a Los Angeles-based hedge fund that oversees $1.5 billion. “We have a bulge of these properties coming through the system.”  Homes stockpiled less than a year sell for about 35% below the value set by lenders, according to a March 15 report by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. At two years, the loss is close to 60%. A surge of cheap foreclosures may erode prices in the broader real estate market, even as the economy expands and residential building increases, said Karl Case, one of the creators of the S&P/Case-Shiller home-price index.

Small business lending down

Lending to small business in the United States barely grew in February, supporting the view that economic growth was lackluster at the start of the year.  The Thomson Reuters/PayNet Small Business Lending Index, which measures the overall volume of financing to US small businesses, edged up to 98.3 in February from 98.2 a month earlier, PayNet said today.  Borrowing rose 14% from a year earlier, the lowest 12-month growth rate since September.  “It’s pretty uninspired,” PayNet founder Bill Phelan said in an interview. “We see this faltering as a sign that there’s caution on the part of small business owners.”  Economists forecast US economic growth slowed in the first quarter to around 2 to 2.5%, down from a 3% annual rate in the previous quarter. Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke said last month growth needs to accelerate to bring down the country’s 8.3% jobless rate.  The December and January readings for PayNet’s lending index were both revised downward.  PayNet tracks borrowing by millions of small US businesses, and the index is correlated with changes in US gross domestic product a quarter or two in the future.

LPS – mortgage monitor

The latest Mortgage Monitor report released by Lender Processing Services, Inc. (NYSE: LPS) shows that February foreclosure starts and sales reversed course, declining on a month-over-month basis after January’s sharp increase in activity. Foreclosure starts were down 15% from the month prior, with sales down 19% for the same period. Foreclosure sales decreased in both judicial and non-judicial foreclosure states, dropping 22 and 19% month-over-month respectively in February.  The LPS mortgage performance data showed that, while January’s increase in foreclosure sales was most pronounced in loans held on bank portfolios, the February drop was broad-based across all investor classes. Even accounting for the decrease in foreclosure sales, national pipeline ratios continue to decline off their peaks, but still differ sharply by region. As of the end of February, the average pipeline ratio in judicial states stood at 84 months, as compared to 33 months in non-judicial states. Pipeline ratios continue to be most pronounced in the Northeast, particularly in New York and New Jersey, where average pipelines remain at 846 and 772 months respectively.  The February mortgage performance data also showed that continued declines in new problem loan rates support improved delinquency rates nationwide. Seasonal patterns are also evident in cures from delinquency, with increased cure rates across almost all categories of delinquent loans. Additionally, first-time foreclosures remained stable as repeat foreclosures saw an 8% month-over-month decrease. At the same time however, new mortgage originations remain depressed, continuing a four-month decline.

As reported in LPS’ First Look release, other key results from LPS’ latest Mortgage Monitor report include: 

Total US loan delinquency rate:​  7.57 %​

Month-over-month change in delinquency rate:​  -5.0 %​

Total US foreclosure pre-sale inventory rate:​  4.13 %​

Month-over-month change in foreclosure pre-sale inventory rate:​  -0.5 %​

States with highest percentage of non-current* loans:​  FL, MS, NV, NJ, IL​

States with the lowest percentage of non-current* loans:​  MT, AK, WY, SD, ND​

 *Non-current totals combine foreclosures and delinquencies as a% of active loans in that state.
Notes:
(1) Totals are extrapolated based on LPS Applied Analytics’ loan-level database of mortgage assets.
(2) All whole numbers are rounded to the nearest thousand.

Auto sales up

The auto industry looks set to ride the appeal of smaller cars to its best monthly performance in almost four years.  The consulting firm LMC Automotive predicts US sales of new cars and trucks reached 1.37 million last month, up 6% from March of 2011 and the highest number since May of 2008. Industry analysts say sales could run at an annual rate of 14.1 million to 14.5 million vehicles, continuing a strong performance in January and February.   Some companies could break sales records.  Chrysler Group was the first automakers to report sales Tuesday. Its US sales jumped 34% in March on strong sales of Fiat small cars and Chrysler sedans.  It was the best month for the company in four years as consumers grow confident enough in the economic recovery to buy new cars.  Chrysler says Fiat sales hit 3,712, compared to just 500 last March when the car was first on the market. The subcompact Fiat is growing in popularity as new dealerships open and fuel prices rise.  Sales of Chrysler’s 200 and 300 sedans each doubled over last March. Both cars have recently been revamped and have better fuel economy than previous models, which is attracting new buyers.  Jeep brand sales rose 36% on the strength of the Jeep Grand Cherokee.  Incentives on trucks also helped lure buyers in March. Chrysler said its Ram pickup sales were up 23% over last March. General Motors Co. and Ford Motor Co. also were expected to report big gains in truck sales.

Olick – housing “paralysis?”

“In an unexpected reversal, both newly started foreclosures and finalized foreclosures dropped precipitously in February.  So-called foreclosure starts fell 15.2% month-to-month. Foreclosure sales, the final stage of the process (not sales of already bank-owned properties) fell 19% month-to-month, according to a new report from Lender Processing Services.  Most had expected both starts and sales to ramp up, following the $25 billion dollar settlement between five of the nation’s largest banks and state attorneys general and federal agencies over the now infamous ‘robo-signing’ scandal. The drop in finalized foreclosures was nationwide, in states where a judge is involved in the process as well as in non-judicial states.  ‘For both foreclosure starts and sales, we’re finding that so far, the sustained increase isn’t there, though we do see sporadic ‘bursts’ of activity,’ says Herb Blecher of LPS Applied Analytics. ‘These are sometimes focused around particular investors (i.e., Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac foreclosure starts) and may reflect seasonal trends, loss-mitigation activities, legislative impacts, or other operational factors. We can’t say specifically what those bursts correlate to, because we just don’t see that in the data.’

This sudden stall, however, if prolonged, could lead to an overall drop in home sales, given that foreclosures are such a large share of the market. That has at least one well-known analyst warning of more problems ahead for housing.  ‘Through relentless meddling with delusions that ‘foreclosures are bad,’ they effectively destroyed the macro housing market,’ says California-based mortgage analyst Mark Hanson, referring to government intervention in the housing market. ‘Contrary to popular thinking, the eradication of foreclosures will lead this housing market into paralysis, not recovery.’  Hanson claims that the lack of ready and available distressed supply, ‘portends big trouble’ for the overall housing market, but more pointedly for California, Nevada and Arizona, where distressed supply and sales are the bulk of the market.  ‘It will soon become apparent that ‘foreclosure prevention’ was one of the biggest housing and finance policy blunders of all time. That’s because it circumvented interest rate policy in part aimed at household de-leveraging, kicked the problem forward and spread it out over many more years.’  The drop in foreclosure starts and sales is likely due to the big banks trying to modify more loans under the settlement agreement, and in some cases dropping loan principal. Some of the modifications, claims Hanson, are even more ‘exotic’ than the loans borrowers defaulted from in the first place, like 2% interest-only loans, 40 year amortizations, 33% forbearance, and five-year fixed rate loans. This as more than 11 million borrowers (22% of homeowners with a mortgage) owe more on that mortgage than their homes are currently worth, so-called ‘underwater.’  ‘Legacy borrowers are now more levered than ever,’ worries Hanson.

Distressed sales, which include foreclosures and short sales (when the home is sold for less than the value of the mortgage) now make up just over one third of all existing home sales nationally, according to the National Association of Realtors, but more than half of all sales in California and other states hardest hit by the housing crash. Investors are rushing in to buy up all these properties, hoping to cash in on what is fast becoming an historic rental market.  In an effort to entice large investors to buy more properties and rent them out, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, regulator of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, recently launched a pilot program, offering 2,500 foreclosed properties on the GSE’s books for sale in bulk discount deals. Bank of America also just announced a program to turn troubled borrowers into renters, offering deeds in lieu of foreclosure to borrowers who would like to stay in their homes.  Both bulk sales and an intensified drive to modify more troubled loans will drain the supply of distressed properties on the market, leaving little for individual investors and first time home buyers with cash. They had been helping to put a floor on home prices, by increasing competition in the space. With the non-distressed market still running far behind normal volumes, a dramatic surge in non-distressed sales would have to occur to make up for the drop in distressed sales.  Given how many homeowners are stuck in place due to negative equity, and with home prices still falling annually, not to mention still-weak consumer sentiment in housing, that surge is highly unlikely.”

Irony – Obama warns against “radical” GOP budget

In an election-year pitch to middle-class voters, President Barack Obama is denouncing a House Republican budget plan as a “Trojan horse,” warning that it represents “an attempt to impose a radical vision on our country” that would hurt the pocketbooks of working families.  Obama, in a speech to newspaper executives, is sharply criticizing a $3.5 trillion budget proposal pushed by Rep. Paul Ryan, R-Wis., which passed on a near-party-line vote last week and has been embraced by GOP presidential hopefuls. The plan has faced fierce resistance from Democrats, who say it would gut Medicare, slash taxes for the wealthy and lead to deep cuts to crucial programs such as aid to college students and highway and rail projects.  “It’s a Trojan horse. Disguised as deficit reduction plan, it’s really an attempt to impose a radical vision on our country,” Obama said in excerpts of his speech released Tuesday. “It’s nothing but thinly veiled social Darwinism.”  Ryan’s proposal aims to lower the deficit and the size of government while offering sharply lower tax rates in return for eliminating many popular tax breaks.

WSJ – write-downs get a new push

The Obama administration’s offer to subsidize write-downs of mortgage-loan balances for some heavily indebted homeowners is putting the federal regulator who oversees Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in a bind by forcing the agency to rethink its long-held opposition.  For years, the federal regulator overseeing the taxpayer-backed mortgage-finance giants has resisted calls to have the firms cut loan balances, often referred to as principal write-downs. But in recent weeks he has come under intense pressure to change course, especially now that the US Treasury is offering to split the cost.  In an interview this past week, Edward DeMarco, acting director of the Federal Housing Finance Agency, said while he’s still skeptical about the benefit of principal reductions, “we said all along, if money came from another source, we’d have to reconsider our position.” He says his agency will make a decision by mid-April.  The offer by the Treasury Department to help pay for principal write-downs has put Mr. DeMarco in a tough spot: He’s consistently argued that his mandate to reduce losses at the firms means putting the narrow interests of the firms ahead of broader housing market policy. The Treasury’s subsidies could reduce those costs, but don’t change his underlying doubts about whether principal reductions are good policy.

Fannie and Freddie back roughly half of the 11 million mortgages where borrowers owe more than the homes are worth. But any principal forgiveness program would be targeted to a small percentage of underwater borrowers—those owing at least 125% of the value of their property and who are behind on their mortgage payments. Economists who have studied the issue say the proposal could reach about 300,000 homeowners.  The newly offered incentives come from unspent housing-aid funds, which in turn came from the $700 billion bank rescue that Congress passed in 2008. The upshot is that even if write-downs reduce the cost to Fannie and Freddie, they don’t necessarily change taxpayers’ costs.  “It’s like overdrawing one account and pulling out a fresh new checkbook,” said Tim Rood, a former Fannie Mae executive and managing director at the Collingwood Group, a housing-finance consultancy.

JP Morgan exec is fined $750,000

One of London’s most prominent bankers was fined 450,000 pounds ($720,000) on Tuesday for passing on inside information in a case that will embarrass his employer JP Morgan Cazenove and which marks a new resolve by authorities to target high-profile figures.  Top dealmaker Ian Hannam resigned to fight the fine imposed by the Financial Services Authority in relation to 2008 emails that contained information about a his client, oil company Heritage Oil.  The former special forces soldier and engineer is the fifth person to be fined this year by the British regulator, which had previously been accused of ineffectiveness.  JP Morgan informed staff in an internal memo of Hannam’s resignation from his position as JP Morgan’s Global Chairman of Equity Capital Markets, after two decades at the firm.  The case is a fresh blow for the reputation of investment banking, as Hannam joins the list of big names targeted by the regulator, which is seeking to clamp down on market abuse and insider dealing.  Hannam’s fine, detailed in a decision notice dated February 27, is among the largest levied against an individual for market abuse, though it is dwarfed by the 3.6 million pounds hedge fund investor David Einhorn incurred earlier this year over trading abuses.

The Prompt Notification of Short Sale Act 

U.S. Sen. Sherrod Brown (D-OH) unveiled a new plan yesterday to improve the housing market by addressing “short sale” home sales.  Brown’s legislation, the Prompt Notification of Short Sale Act, addresses the lengthy closing process that often comes with a short sale—which can last months—by requiring banks to respond in a timely manner when prospective buyers are attempting to purchase such homes.  “For most buyers, short sales are anything but. The seemingly endless waiting game associated with short sales represents a dangerous drag on our housing market,” Brown said. “If we’re going to recover from the housing crisis, we need to make it easier for qualified candidates to purchase homes. This commonsense legislation helps prospective home buyers and distressed homeowners alike, while helping to rebuild our neighborhoods and to foster long-term economic growth.”

“Too often during the short sale process, there is a lengthy break in communication between the loan servicer and the buyer of the short sale property. This breakdown deprives buyers notice of whether or not their offer has been accepted, rejected or countered—and that means that homes aren’t being sold, even when there is a demand,” Brown continued. “This lapse in communication makes it harder for families to move to Cleveland and help us build our community, and potential buyers are left waiting or even walking away in frustration. This bill is aimed at improving communication between banks and homebuyers—and keeping homes in our neighborhoods occupied. Our economic recovery depends on our housing recovery.”  The goal of The Prompt Notification of Short Sale Act is to improve the process for buyers considering a “short-sale” home. Presently, it can take many months to get any kind of response from banks or other loan servicers to short sale offers. Brown’s legislation requires a written response of an acceptance, rejection, counter offer, or the need for an extension of time within 75 days of a request from a homeowner—thereby providing both buyers and sellers of short sale properties with predictability during a real estate transaction.

Banks set to cut $1 trillion

Investment banks are to shrink their balance sheets by another $1 trillion or up to 7 percent globally within the next two years, says a report that foresees a shake-up of market share in the industry.  Higher funding costs and increased regulatory pressure to bolster capital will force wholesale banks also to cut 15 percent, or up to $0.9 trillion, of assets that are weighted by risk, a joint report by Morgan Stanley and consultants Oliver Wyman predicts.  In addition, banks are expected take out $10 billion to $12 billion in costs by reducing pay, firing employees and paring back investments in areas that are no longer considered core.  “It is really decision time for investment banks,” said Huw van Steenis, analyst at Morgan Stanley. “The market underestimates the degree to which banks will rationalize their portfolios of activities.”  The report says investment banks have taken out about 7 percent of capacity last year and will cut up to another 10th in the next two years.  Reacting to regulatory pressure and the euro zone sovereign debt crisis, a number of banks have embarked on heavy cost-cutting in the past six months, shedding staff and assets and closing down or selling whole units.

Negative equity gap nears $4 trillion

The U.S. housing market contains a nearly $4 trillion-dollar negative equity hole, according to Williams Emmons, an economist with the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.  Emmons made that statement while speaking at Housing Wire’s 2012 REthink Symposium.  The Fed Bank economist said it would take $3.7 trillion, much more than the $25 billion mortgage servicing settlement and other federal housing initiatives, to get homeowners with mortgage debt back to preferred loan-to-value ratio levels.

Emmons’ data estimates the average LTV for those with mortgage debt is currently 94.3%.  That compares to preferred LTV levels among mortgage debt holders of 58.4%, which was the average struck among mortgaged homeowners in the period stretching from 1970 to 2005. Emmons told the crowd there is no easy way to fill that gap, and the deep hole is hardly discussed among the media and policymakers.  “We are sort of stuck in this,” he told the crowd. “It’s a sweat box we’re in, and we can’t get out. We are not talking about this very much … it’s just too ugly.”  He added, “It is like the debt that is outstanding is crushing the equity that is there.”

Emmons said the only viable option to narrow the gap is letting home prices fall until they eventually reach levels that entice buyers, bringing private capital back in. A home-price boom or a government bailout would help, of course, but both those scenarios are unlikely.  At this point, home price appreciation would need to rise 62% to narrow the gap to the ideal LTV level, Emmons said. Significant government intervention also is unlikely given the fact it would take a $3.7 trillion bailout, or 24% of GDP, to narrow the gap, according to Emmons’ data.  He says that amount makes other federal initiatives launched to band-aid the housing market so far look like “peanuts” in comparison.  With that in mind, the only alternative is that we have “millions of weak homeowners exit, replaced by new private owners with equity to recapitalize the housing sector.”  Emmons said that option will still be painful since he believes another reduction in home prices is needed to attract new buyers.  “The asset class is not priced attractively yet,” Emmons said. “You need to get the value down to where it looks like a screaming buy.”  Emmons in his report said with the assumption that another 20% decline in national home prices is required to bring in new buyers, the amount of mortgage debt that must be eliminated then is $4.97 trillion, or 50% of current face value.

Recovery?  Really?

Despite signs of an improvement for the U.S. economy, Steve Forbes, Chairman of Forbes Media says the recovery isn’t as vigorous as it should be and claims there’s a lot of disbelief about the turnaround.  A weak dollar, higher taxes and regulations from Obamacare and Dodd-Frank are holding back growth, Forbes, a former Republican candidate in the U.S. presidential primaries in 1996 and 2000, told CNBC Monday.  “We had a very vigorous recovery from the severe recession in the 1980s,” Forbes said. “The recovery – this time – I don’t think it’s going to benefit the President very much, is the fact that it’s not a vigorous one.”  The rate of growth of 3 to 4 percent, coming off a severe recession should be 6-8 percent, he added. The end of Bush-era tax cuts on capital gains and dividends will also rein in the economy’s expansion.   ”If nothing is done, dividends go from 15 percent to 45 percent, capital gains from 15 percent to 24 percent,” Forbes said. “Now, Congress will be in a mood to do something, but the President is not going to let those tax cuts of 10 years ago remain for upper income earners.”

Last week a former Federal Reserve Governor, Randall Kroszner said that Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke was right to be worried about a false dawn. Bernanke had told CNBC in the same week that there is some improvement in the economy, but there is still “a long way to go.”  New York Fed President William Dudley also said while recent data on the U.S. economy have been a bit more positive, suggesting that the recovery may finally be somewhat ‘firmer’, economic activity is not yet strong or sustained enough to put a dent in unemployment numbers.  Forbes agrees, adding that the Fed’s low interest rates and Administration’s policies had sought to weaken the dollar, leading to a negative impact on the domestic economy.  “That’s an illusion, what you gain, whatever you do to try and manipulate exports, you lose on what you do in your domestic economy: hurting investment and the like and it also distorts investment, which is just beginning to recover,” Forbes said.

GSE principal reduction soon?

Freddie Mac CEO Charles “Ed” Haldeman gave a strong signal Friday that new incentives from the Treasury Department may be enough to start principal reduction on mortgages backed by the government-sponsored enterprises.  In January, the Treasury said it would triple incentive payments to mortgage investors who allow principal reduction in Home Affordable Modification Program workouts. The payouts ranged between six and 21 cents to the investors for each dollar forgiven under HAMP, but that will grow to between 18 and 63 cents.  “I have to say recently the Treasury sweetened the program and tremendously increased the incentive payments in their offer to us,” Haldeman said at HousingWire’s REThink Symposium. “We will reevaluate that to see what may be in our economic best interest. If there are very large incentive payments — which could be 50% of what you could write down — it may be in our economic self-interest to participate in that.”

There are currently 11.1 million borrowers who owe more on their mortgage than the house is worth, according to CoreLogic. Of that, estimates show roughly 3.3 million of those mortgages belong to Fannie and Freddie.  The GSEs and their regulator, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, long shunned principal reduction. Their biggest fear is moral hazard — that borrowers who are still current on their underwater loan would strategically default in order to get principal written down.  “We thought principal reduction could have unintended, secondary consequences on other borrowers seeking the same kind of reduction,” Haldeman said.  One previous analysis showed the GSEs would take significant credit losses if a wide-scale program was put in place. A new analysis from the FHFA, which would cover the new HAMP incentives, is expected to be released in the coming weeks.  NPR and ProPublica reported Friday the analysis will show a reversal, that principal reduction will work for the GSEs under the new version of HAMP.

“As we complete the review, the public should understand that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac continue to offer a broad array of assistance to troubled borrowers and have continued to implement HARP 2.0 to enhance refinancing opportunities for underwater borrowers,” FHFA said in a statement.  Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner told a House panel this week he and FHFA Acting Director Edward DeMarco were working out their differences.  Haldeman, who announced in October he would leave his post at Freddie, said the principal reduction verdict will ultimately reside with DeMarco, but he isn’t operating on his own.  “At the end of the day, we are in conservatorship, and he is the conservator. But the way it works on a day-to-day basis is that it’s a very close collaboration. It is extremely rare that I had a different point of view than Ed DeMarco,” Haldeman said.

Smart Real Estate News & Commentary by Chris McLaughlin March 21, 2012

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Fed to fine banks

The Federal Reserve says that it plans to fine eight additional US bank holding companies for improperly foreclosing on homeowners. The financial firms — EverBank, Goldman Sachs Group, HSBC Holdings PLC, PNC Financial Services Group, MetLife, OneWest Bank, SunTrust Banks and US Bancorp — were not part of last month’s settlement over alleged foreclosure abuses. Suzanne G. Killian, a senior associate director at the Federal Reserve, called the fines “appropriate” during a congressional hearing in Brooklyn, New York. Killian offered few details about the size of the fines or when they will be levied. The nation’s five biggest lenders — Bank of America, Wells Fargo, JPMorgan Chase, Citigroup and Ally Financial — last month agreed to a $25 billion settlement with state and federal government agencies last month after a 16-month probe. As part of that settlement, the five banks agreed to reduce mortgages for about 1 million homeowners. They also will pay into a fund that will send $2,000 to 750,000 homeowners who were improperly foreclosed upon. Separately, government regulators last April ordered 14 mortgage lenders and servicers to reimburse homeowners who were improperly foreclosed upon. Since then, letters have been sent to 4.3 million borrowers who were at risk of foreclosure during 2009 and 2010. The deadline for borrowers to seek money under the orders is July 31. So far, nearly 122,000 homeowners have asked for an auditor to review their foreclosures.

North America the next middle east for oil?

Increased production of energy from a number of sources including deepwater drilling, natural gas exploration and Canada’s oil sands could make North America the next Middle East, according to a new report from Citigroup. The bank estimates that total North American energy production will rise from 15.4 million barrels per day in 2011 to almost 26.6 million barrels per day by 2020, boosting gross domestic product (GDP) and creating ripple effects throughout the economy. Citigroup analysts say the US will see large gains in oil production from deepwater drilling, while Mexico will begin to reverse recent declines in output. Production of shale gas liquids will increase by 3.8 million barrels per day by 2020. The report says this new production would amount to about 7% of additional global production, “a higher growth rate than OPEC can sustain.” That increase in energy supply will also be accompanied with a decline in demand. US consumption of oil products has fallen by 2 million barrels per day since its peak in 2005, and the Citi report says demand will fall by another 2 million barrels per day over the next decade.

Citgroup expects the shift in energy supply and demand to increase real GDP by between 2 and 3.3%. It also estimates that some 550,000 new jobs will be created directly in the oil and gas extraction sector by 2020. An additional 2.2 to 2.3 million new jobs will be created from the resulting economic stimulus effects of new production by 2020. In its analysis, Citigroup acknowledges infrastructure bottlenecks and legislation that blocks exports of crude oil of US origin. It also points out that new environmental regulations could prevent the scenario from playing out. But the analysts point out the surge in energy production could be game-changing. “It would not only improve incomes and create jobs, but also improve national energy security and reverse perennial current account deficits.”

MBA – mortgage applications down

Mortgage applications decreased 7.4% from one week earlier, according to data from the Mortgage Bankers Association’s (MBA) Weekly Mortgage Applications Survey for the week ending March 16, 2012. The Market Composite Index, a measure of mortgage loan application volume, decreased 7.4% on a seasonally adjusted basis from one week earlier. On an unadjusted basis, the Index decreased 7.1% compared with the previous week. The Refinance Index decreased 9.3% from the previous week. The seasonally adjusted Purchase Index decreased 1.0% from one week earlier. The unadjusted Purchase Index decreased 0.6% compared with the previous week and was 1.9% lower than the same week one year ago. The four week moving average for the seasonally adjusted Market Index is down 2.79%. The four week moving average is up 3.25% for the seasonally adjusted Purchase Index, while this average is down 4.31% for the Refinance Index.

The refinance share of mortgage activity decreased to 73.4% of total applications, the lowest since July 2011, from 75.1% the previous week. The adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) share of activity decreased to 5.6% from 5.8% of total applications from the previous week. “With the rate increase last week, refinances are obviously slowing, and the refinance share at 73% is down to its lowest level since last July. With rate/term refinances falling as we go forward, HARP will be a bigger percentage of refinances but will be more concentrated in certain states,” said Jay Brinkmann, MBA’s Senior Vice President of Research and Education. Brinkmann continued, “Some of the largest institutions are reporting that the HARP share of their refinances remained at about 30% last week, but HARP volume is not equal across the country. The states that I started referring to years ago as the sand states that had the worst delinquencies we now should start calling the HARP states for mortgage refinances. We saw big state-level differences in refinance applications for February over January: Florida was up 49%, Arizona was up 61%, and Nevada was up 71%. Refinances in the rest of the country were generally flat or even down. For example, Texas had no change, Colorado was down 3%, Connecticut was up only 2%, and Virginia was up 1%. HARP clearly is a driving force in those states that saw the most defaults and the biggest drops in home equity.”

The average loan size of all loans for home purchase in the US was $225,463 in February 2012, up from $216,888 in January. The average loan size for a refinance was $222,048, down from $227,563 in January. The largest purchase loans were made in the Pacific region at $ 324,606. The largest refinance loans were also made in the Pacific region at $ 305,949.

US exempts EU from sanctions

The United States on Tuesday exempted Japan and 10 EU nations from financial sanctions because they have significantly cut purchases of Iranian crude oil, but left Iran’s top customers China and India exposed to the possibility of such steps. The decision is a victory for the 11 countries, whose banks have been given a six-month reprieve from the threat of being cut off from the US financial system under new sanctions designed to pressure Iran over its nuclear program. The list did not, however, include China and India, Iran’s top two crude oil importers, nor US allies South Korea and Turkey, which are among the top-10 consumers of Iranian oil. A US official held up Japan’s estimated 15-22% cut in oil purchases from Iran in the second half of last year as an example for other nations, saying it did so after the “tragedy” of the earthquake that caused the Fukushima nuclear disaster. “Japan was a model,” State Department Special Envoy and Coordinator for International Energy Affairs Carlos Pascual told lawmakers. “If Japan was able to do what it did … that should be an example to others that they could potentially do more.”

Olick – rising rates may not hurt housing

“It was barely a few weeks ago that mortgage rates were sitting at record lows. The idea of rates over 4% on the 30-year fixed seemed a distant memory. And here they are now at 4.05% on the Bankrate.com overnight, thanks to the recent rise in Treasury yields. The housing market, it seems, just can’t catch a break. Or can it? As the economy improves, the job market improves, and that is a key driver for housing. But on the flip side, as the economy improves, investors finally crawl out of the Treasury bunkers, driving yields higher, and mortgage rates generally follow the 10-year Treasury. ‘We will definitely see a freeze up in refi’s immediately but the decision on a purchase still won’t be impacted until rates get at least to 4.5% I believe,’ says Peter Boockvar at Miller Tabak. ‘Assuming a $200k mortgage, going from 4 to 4.5% in mortgage rate adds about $60 per month to one’s payments, and while an extra $700 per year matters, I’m not sure if it’s a deal breaker.’

While rates have moved a good quarter of a% in the past few weeks, most analysts don’t think they’ll go much higher. ‘Mortgage rates were too high anyway, relative to the 10-year Treasury, so I don’t think you will see a parallel shift,’ says FBR’s Paul Miller, who spoke to several bankers today. They told him mortgage volume is good, which helps keep rates competitive. ‘But it does take time for this stuff to flow through the markets,’ he adds. And then there could be one other phenomenon, as described by Freddie Mac’s chief economist Frank Nothaft: ‘When rates tick up, you may see some potential home buyers who have been sitting on the sidelines, suddenly they may get up, as they are concerned that maybe this is the beginning of a trend, and they don’t want to miss out on these 60-year low mortgage rates. In the near term it can encourage buyers.’”

Oil up to $107 per barrel

Oil prices rose to near $107 a barrel Wednesday after a report showed US crude supplies fell unexpectedly, a sign demand may be improving in the world’s largest economy. By early afternoon in Europe, benchmark oil for May delivery was up 49 cents to $106.56 a barrel in electronic trading on the New York Mercantile Exchange. The contract fell $2.49 to settle at $106.07 per barrel in New York on Tuesday after Saudi Arabia said it could pump more oil to cover any shortages. In London, Brent crude for May delivery was up 27 cents at $124.39 a barrel on the ICE Futures exchange. The American Petroleum Institute said late Tuesday that crude inventories fell 1.4 million barrels last week, breaking a two-month trend of growing supplies. Analysts surveyed by Platts, the energy information arm of McGraw-Hill Cos., had predicted an increase of 2.1 million barrels. Inventories of gasoline fell 1.4 million barrels last week while distillates rose 600,000 barrels, the API said.

LPS – first look report
Lender Processing Services, Inc. (NYSE: LPS), a leading provider of integrated technology, data and analytics to the mortgage and real estate industries, reports the following “first look” at February 2012 month-end mortgage performance statistics derived from its loan-level database of nearly 40 million mortgage loans.

Total US loan delinquency rate:7.57%
Month-over-month change in delinquency rate: -5.0%
Year-over-year change in delinquency rate: -14.0%
Total U.S foreclosure pre-sale inventory rate: 4.13%
Month-over-month change in foreclosure presale inventory rate: -0.5%
Year-over-year change in foreclosure presale inventory rate: -0.3%
Number of properties that are 30 or more days past due, but not in foreclosure: (A) 3,781,000
Number of properties that are 90 or more days delinquent, but not in foreclosure:1,722,000
Number of properties in foreclosure pre-sale inventory: (B) 2,065,000
Number of properties that are 30 or more days delinquent or in foreclosure: (A+B) 5,846,000
States with highest percentage of non-current* loans: FL, MS, NV, NJ, IL
States with the lowest percentage of non-current* loans: MT, AK, WY, SD, ND

*Non-current totals combine foreclosures and delinquencies as a% of active loans in that state.
Notes:
(1) Totals are extrapolated based on LPS Applied Analytics’ loan-level database of mortgage assets
(2) All whole numbers are rounded to the nearest thousand
The company will provide a more in-depth review of this data in its monthly Mortgage Monitor report, which includes an analysis of data supplemented by in-depth charts and graphs that reflect trend and point-in-time observations.

Money printing going out of style

The era of quantitative easing—a process by which central banks buy assets such as government bonds to inject funds in the markets—may be coming to an end, according to a survey of fund managers. According to a March survey by Bank of America Merrill Lynch, investors are more upbeat about the future and the prospects for growth and they no longer expect further quantitative easing measures to be taken by the Federal Reserve or the European Central Bank. In the survey, 28% of fund managers said they expected the global economy to strengthen in the next 12 months, up from 11% in February. This was the highest reading since March last year. But the report did find that fund managers still see sovereign debt as the biggest tail risk to the global recovery. Investors do foresee higher inflation, with a net 13% expecting it to rise in the coming year.

WSJ – housing mixed

US home building fell in February, but permits for new construction reached their highest levels in nearly 3½ years, reflecting housing’s uneven and protracted recovery. Home construction decreased 1.1% from January to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 698,000, the Commerce Department said yesterday. Construction of single-family homes, which makes up more than 70% of housing starts, fell by 9.9% – the largest drop in a year. Meanwhile, multifamily homes with at least two units, a volatile part of the market, posted a 21.1% gain. Still, January’s figures were raised to 706,000 starts overall, a 3.7% improvement from December and the highest level since October 2008.

In a positive sign for future construction, the February data showed new building permits rose by 5.1% from a month earlier to an annual rate of 717,000 – also the highest level since October 2008. The housing sector has been healing slowly after prices collapsed more than five years ago. A National Association of Home Builders (NAHB) report on Monday showed that US home builders’ confidence in the market held steady in March at the highest level since 2007. “The level of activity still remains far short of the pace implied by the NAHB index so we look for further gains over the next few months in both sales and starts,” said Ian Shepherdson, chief US economist at High Frequency Economics. “Housing will add to growth all year, and beyond.”

But Joshua Shapiro, chief US economist at MFR Inc., said that so far, the home builders association’s level of confidence hasn’t been matched by actual construction. “Our view remains that single-family housing starts are in a long-term bottoming process but that an enormous overhang of existing single-family home supply will prevent sharp gains in single-family starts in the near to medium term,” Mr. Shapiro said. NAHB said Monday that its members continue to face obstacles, including tight credit for both builders and buyers and a large inventory of inexpensive, foreclosed homes in many markets. The Commerce Department data showed that housing starts were mixed across four US regions. The Northeast posted a 12.3% decline, while starts in the West dropped 5.9% last month. Starts rose 3% in the Midwest and 1.5% in the South. Actual housing starts, calculated without seasonal adjustments, grew to 48,100 in February from 46,500 in January. Lumber and commodities markets watch those numbers closely to gauge demand.
See you at the top!
Chris McLaughlin

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About the author:
Chris McLaughlin is widely known as America’s top
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