Smart Real Estate News & Commentary by Chris McLaughlin February 9, 2012
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WSJ – Banks and government close deal
Government officials have finalized an agreement worth as much as $26 billion with five major banks, capping a yearlong push to settle federal and state probes of alleged foreclosure abuses by lenders. The deal represents the largest government-industry settlement since a multistate deal with the tobacco industry in 1998. The agreement covers five banks: Ally Financial Inc., Bank of America Corp.,Citigroup Inc., J.P. Morgan Chase & Co., and Wells Fargo & Co. Together, the five handle payments on 55% of all outstanding home loans, or about 27 million mortgages, according to Inside Mortgage Finance. Federal and state officials planned to announce the settlement this morning in Washington after putting the finishing touches on the deal following a marathon negotiating session that ended after midnight Thursday morning. The agreement will include at least 49 states, and officials were finalizing a separate accord with one remaining holdout, Oklahoma.
The planned pact would involve around $5 billion in cash penalties, payable to borrowers, states and the federal government. That includes $1.5 billion in cash payments to borrowers who went through foreclosure between September 2008 and December 2011. Borrowers could receive $1,500 to $2,000 each, with the actual amount paid depending on the number of borrowers filing a claim. The agreement is expected to call on the banks to provide $20 billion in other aid—by cutting loan balances for tens of thousands of homeowners and by refinancing thousands of borrowers who are current on their loans but owe more than their homes are worth. Officials say the deal will help provide immediate benefits to around one million homeowners, while raising accountability for banks that work with borrowers facing foreclosure. The foreclosure process has been snarled since late 2010, after allegations that banks had serially submitted bogus mortgage documents when attempting to repossess homes from delinquent borrowers.
On its own, the deal won’t be a cure-all for the housing market or to the majority of borrowers at risk of foreclosure. Home prices have fallen by nearly one-third over more than five years, slashing real-estate values by $7 trillion and leaving 11 million homeowners with mortgages that are exceed their property values by $750 billion. High unemployment has frustrated round after round of federal efforts to stem foreclosures. “It is frankly a headline victory for both banks and attorneys general with a modest impact on the housing market,” said Joshua Rosner, managing director of investment firm Graham Fisher & Co.
Unemployment down slightly
Unemployment benefit applications dropped to 358,000, the second-lowest level in nearly four years, according to the Labor Department. The move represented a drop of 15,000 from the previous week’s total. Claims have been a fairly steady trend lower, reflected last week in the Labor Department’s announcement that the national unemployment rate dropped to 8.3% in January on the strength of 243,000 new jobs created. The four-week average, a less volatile measure, fell to 366,250, the lowest since late April 2008. When applications fall consistently below 375,000, it usually signals that hiring is strong enough to lower the unemployment rate. From November through January, the economy has added an average of 201,000 net jobs per month. The increased hiring in part reflects faster economic growth. The economy expanded at an annual rate of 2.8% in the final three months of last year — a full percentage point higher than the previous quarter. Still, the job market has a long way to go before it fully recovers from the damage of the Great Recession. Nearly 13 million people remain unemployed, and 8.3% unemployment is painfully high. One reason the unemployment rate has fallen for five straight months is that many people have stopped looking for work. The government only counts people as unemployed if they are actively searching for a job.
Olick – refis surge, banks struggle
“Barely two weeks into a new government program that allows severely underwater borrowers with loans backed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to refinance their loans to lower rates, the numbers are surging. Applications to refinance jumped 9.4% last week, seasonally adjusted, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association. Record low interest rates on the thirty-year fixed, averaging 4.05%, are only adding fuel to the fire. ‘There was a lot of pent up demand,’ said Bank of America spokesman Terry Francisco of the recently revamped Home Affordable Refinance Program (HARP 2). The newest incarnation removes the cap on negative equity, so borrowers who owe more than 125% of their home’s current value can now qualify. These so-called severely underwater borrowers, however, must be current on their payments. The new surge backed up the phone lines at Bank of America, with some borrowers reporting they heard a message suggesting they call back in six to nine months. Francisco confirms the lender has temporarily stopped taking applications for cash-out refinances because of the additional underwriting those loans require. Cash-out accounts for 10-15% of their mortgage business. ‘We’re taking a lot of applications for HARP 2 and straight refi’s as well, so we needed to curb our demand in some way,’ Francisco said.
Wells Fargo also reports an increase in refinancing right after the holidays, as well as an overall increase in 2011. ‘From January of last year through January of this year, Wells Fargo has seen its refinancing volume more than double,’ says a spokesman, who adds that it’s too early to tell about the impact of HARP 2, as record low interest rates are a key factor in demand. Wells Fargo, however, has not suspended any of its lending. The refinance share of mortgage activity is now 80.5% of total applications. Applications for mortgages to purchase a home were flat last week and have been basically flat now for a month, which is not a promising sign for home sales. President Obama last week announced yet another government refinance program to help underwater borrowers who do not have Fannie or Freddie-backed loans. The plan could cost $5-10 billion and requires Congressional approval; some have called it dead on arrival. Strong refinance activity means more money in consumers’ pockets and potentially more debt reduction, as some borrowers opt for fixed-rate amortizing loans as opposed to interest-only adjustable rate mortgages. Unfortunately, the flip side, which is lower applications to purchase a home, does not bode well for housing’s fledgling recover. ‘The latest weakness of mortgage applications for home purchase may suggest that the recent improvement in home sales is not built on solid foundations,’ says Paul Diggle of Capital Economics.”
Jobs gap between young and old widens
An analysis by the Pew Research Center, released Thursday, details the impact of the recent recession on the attitudes of a generation of mostly 20- and 30-somethings. With government data showing record gaps in employment between young and old, a Pew survey found that 41% of Americans believe that younger adults have been hit harder than any other group, compared with 29% who say middle-aged Americans and 24% who point to seniors 65 and older. A wide majority of the public — at least 69% — also said it’s more difficult for today’s young adults than their parents’ generation to pay for college, find a job, buy a home, or save for the future. Among young adults ages 18 to 34, only a third rated their financial situation as “excellent” or “good,” compared with 54% for seniors age 65 and over. In 2004, before the recession began, about half of both young and older adults rated their own financial situation highly.
“Young workers are on the bottom of the ladder, and during a recession like we’ve had, it’s often hard for them to hold on,” said Kim Parker, associate director of Pew’s Social & Demographic Trends project. Still, Parker noted that despite the challenges, young adults were upbeat about the future: Only 9% said they didn’t think they would ever have enough money to live the life they want, a share unchanged from before the recession. In contrast, 28% of adults 35 and older didn’t anticipate making enough in the future. The latest numbers offered a mixed picture for young adults, many of them minorities, whose strong turnout and 2-1 support for Democrat Barack Obama in 2008 buoyed him to election. As voters this year point to the economy as their top concern, a slew of recent Census data have underscored the difficulties of young adults: In record numbers, they are shunning long-distance moves in the economic downturn to live with mom and dad, delaying marriage and raising kids out of wedlock, if they’re becoming parents at all. At risk of becoming a “lost generation,” many young adults are going back to school or scraping by on waitressing, bartending, and odd jobs as they wait for the economy to slowly recover.
Bad loans and foreclosures cost banks $72 billion
Costs from faulty mortgages and shoddy foreclosures have topped $72 billion at the biggest US banks. Wells Fargo, Bank of America, Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase and Ally Financial, the five largest home lenders during the real estate boom, tallied at least $6.78 billion in new costs tied to mortgages during the second half of 2011, according to data compiled by Bloomberg News. Bank of America, ranked second among US banks by assets, contributes $41.8 billion of the overall total. The mounting costs pushed lenders and regulators to resolve investigations and lawsuits over faulty home lending, like the 50-state review of foreclosures. The wrangling over the status of old loans has made some banks more reluctant to make new ones, even as Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke appeals for action to increase lending and fix the US housing market because it’s a drag on the economic recovery.
The bulk of the expense was triggered by investors who bought mortgages and then demanded refunds after finding flaws in the underwriting, including false data about borrower incomes and home values. Outstanding claims against Bank of America jumped 22% in three months to $14.3 billion as of Dec. 31. Bloomberg’s tally also includes expenses tied to court cases and investigations. Bank of America’s increase of at least $2.65 billion in mortgage costs during the second half of 2011 included $1.76 billion tied to litigation, filings show. Ally, the lender controlled by US taxpayers following a bailout, added $114 million to its repurchase reserve during the period, filings show. The Detroit-based company also said last month it will record a fourth-quarter charge of about $270 million for penalties associated with foreclosure practices by its mortgage unit Residential Capital, bringing total costs to about $3.67 billion since 2007.
ECB holds rate
The European Central Bank (ECB) left its key interest rate unchanged at 1% today but President Mario Draghi promised relaxed rules for banks taking part in a long-term refinancing operation at the end of the month, boosting hopes that additional liquidity will be injected in the system. At the same time, he played his cards close to his chest on the issue of how the central bank will treat Greek debt, repeating several times that the European Union Treaty prohibits the financing of a member state’s debt by the ECB. The central bank will launch a second long-term refinancing operation (LTRO) on Feb. 29, with analysts saying banks will boost their participation in the offer of three-year, 1% rate loans. National eligibility criteria for the LTRO have been improved and the central bank will accept additional credit claims for the collateral, Draghi said. Draghi also said during his news conference that inflation is likely to remain high but it will decrease over the medium term, while uncertainty was high for the economy. “Inflation is likely to stay above 2% for several months to come before declining to below 2%,” Draghi said. “The economic outlook remains subject to high uncertainty and downside risk.” He also said the criteria for national eligibility for the central bank’s long-term refinancing operation (LTRO) have improved and new additional credit claims will be accepted as collateral.
Foreclosures down 24% in 2011
Foreclosure activity dipped nationwide in 2011 as completed foreclosures fell 24% to 830,000 from 1.1 million a year earlier, according to a report from CoreLogic. December foreclosures also declined year-over-year to 55,000 from 67,000. The foreclosure decline comes in the context of litigation and regulation regarding robo-signing, including an expected settlement between states and the nation’s five largest banks over mortgage-servicing practices. The number of mortgages 90-days-or-more delinquent, however, fell to 7.3% from 7.8% a year earlier, but rose from 7.2% in November.
Foreclosure inventory saw a similar decline by 8.4% from December 2010. Houses in the foreclosure process totaled 1.4 million in December 2011, making up 3.4% of all homes with outstanding loans. Real estate owned sales also outpaced completed foreclosures in December as the “distressed-clearing ratio” increased to 1.03 from 0.94 in November. “While foreclosure filings are being curtailed by a variety of judicial and regulatory constraints, mortgage servicers are completing REO sales faster than they are completing foreclosures,” CoreLogic chief economist Mark Fleming said. “This is the first time in a year that REO sales have outpaced completed foreclosures, and part of the reason for the decrease in the foreclosure inventory.”
Florida led states by far in foreclosure inventory as a percentage of all mortgages at 11.9% in December, though that’s down 0.1% from a year earlier. New Jersey trailed with 6.4%, followed by Illinois at 5.4%, Nevada at 5.3% and New York at 4.6%. The Sunshine State also topped others with its 17.4% 90-day-plus delinquency rate, driven by 18.3% and 17% rates in Orlando and Tampa, Fla., respectively. Nevada and New Jersey followed at 13.4% and 10.6%. About 3.2 million foreclosures have closed since the onset of the financial crisis in September 2008, according to CoreLogic. The data firm covers about 85% of all US foreclosure data.
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Chris McLaughlin
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About the author:
Chris McLaughlin is widely known as America’s top
Real Estate Attorney and Investment Consultant.
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